- Mobile system evolution
The evolution of mobile systems has gone through multiple stages from 1G to 5G. Each generational jump has greatly promoted industrial upgrading and economic and social development.
1G era: The transition from analog communication to digital communication has been realized, and mobile communication has entered thousands of households.
2G era: The transition from voice services to data services has been realized, the transmission rate has been significantly improved, and it has promoted the popularity and prosperity of mobile Internet applications.
3G and 4G era: The data transmission rate has been further improved to meet the new service and business needs brought by the rapid development of mobile Internet. Especially the 4G network has solved the problem of people communicating anytime and anywhere, and promoted mobile Internet applications. explosive growth.
- Understanding of 5G Technology
As the fifth generation of mobile communication technology, 5G has the characteristics of high speed, low latency and large connection, and is the network infrastructure for realizing the interconnection of people, machines and things.
- Frequency and frequency band
- Higher frequency: 5G networks use a higher frequency range, mainly working on the millimeter wave band (mmWave) and sub-millimeter wave band (sub-mmWave), which are higher than the previous 4G network.
- Larger frequency band: 5G networks use larger frequency bands to provide more available frequencies, thereby increasing network capacity and speed.
1.Technical features:
（1）High speed: The peak rate needs to reach 10-20Gbit/s to meet the transmission of large amounts of data such as high-definition video and virtual reality.
One of the most notable features of 5G is its extremely high data transmission speed. Theoretically, 5G can achieve download speeds of up to 10Gbps, which is approximately 100 times faster than 4G. This speed enhancement allows users to download a high-definition movie in just a few seconds and ensures exceptional clarity during real-time video calls. As more devices connect to the network, particularly in areas like home entertainment, online education, and remote work, the high speed of 5G will significantly enhance user experience.
（2）Low latency: The air interface latency is as low as 1ms, which meets real-time applications such as autonomous driving and telemedicine.
In addition to speed, the latency of 5G networks has been drastically reduced. 5G can achieve latencies as low as 1 millisecond, which is critical for applications requiring real-time responsiveness. For example, in autonomous vehicles, low latency ensures that the car can react swiftly to sudden situations, enhancing driving safety. Furthermore, the application of 5G in telemedicine has revolutionary implications, allowing doctors to conduct diagnostics and surgeries via high-quality real-time video, greatly improving access to medical services.
（3）Large connection: It has the ability to connect devices with millions of connections/square kilometers to meet the communication needs of the Internet of Things. Application scenarios:
Another important characteristic of 5G is its ability to support a higher connection density. Under 5G, up to one million devices can connect per square kilometer. This feature makes 5G a crucial foundation for the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Scenarios such as smart homes, smart cities, and intelligent transportation will become increasingly intelligent. For instance, smart home devices can communicate in real time, optimizing energy use and enhancing convenience. In smart cities, 5G will support numerous sensors and monitoring devices, facilitating intelligent management of urban traffic, environment, and public safety.
2.Application scenarios:
Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): mainly for the explosive growth of mobile Internet traffic, providing mobile Internet users with a more extreme application experience.
Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (uRLLC): mainly for vertical industry application needs with extremely high requirements for latency and reliability, such as industrial control, telemedicine, and autonomous driving.
Machine Type Communication (mMTC): mainly for application needs such as smart cities, smart homes, and environmental monitoring that target sensing and data collection.
Development Status:
The number of global 5G connections has increased to 1.6 billion by the end of 2023, and is expected to increase to 5.5 billion by 2030.
The next development trend of 5G is 5G-A (5G Evolution), which is based on the evolution and enhancement of the fifth-generation mobile communication technology and will further improve network performance and functions.
2024 is the first year of 5G-A commercialization. Many mobile communication companies and operators are actively launching 5G-A related technical products and service solutions.
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